국제민주법률가협회 〈통진당강제해산판결, 베니스위원회규약 위반〉

국제민주법률가협회는 기본적 인권을 침해하는 남코리아헌법재판소의 통합진보당강제해산판결을 심각하게 우려한다

국제민주법률가협회(International Association of Democratic Lawyers)는 국제연합경제사회이사회(ECOSOC)와 국제연합의 자문역할을 하는 비정부기구이다. 국제민주법률가협회는 남코리아를 포함한 전세계의 수많은 회원들로 구성되어 있다. 1946년 인권보호를 포함한 국제연합헌장의 목적을 증진시키기 위하여 창립되었다.

남코리아헌법재판소는 통합진보당을 강제해산한다고 판결하였다. 이는 민주주의사회의 요체인 사상의 자유, 표현의 자유, 결사의 자유라는 가장 기본적인 인권을 침해하는 행위로서, 국제민주법률가협회로 하여금 심각한 우려를 불러일으키게 하고 있다.

국제민주법률가협회는 남코리아헌법재판소가 정당해산판결을 내리는 과정에서 권위있는 지침을 참고하였다고 하지만 베니스위원회의 정당제도에 관한 규약을 지키지 않았다는 사실을 확인하게 되었다. 베니스위원회의 가이드라인은 다음과 같다. <결사의 자유, 표현과 사상의 자유는 민주주의사회의 원활한 운영을 위한 근본적인 권리이다. 정당은 정치적 표현을 위한 집단적 기구로서 위와 같은 권리를 보장받아야 한다. 모든 인간이 자유롭게 정당활동을 할 수 있는 결사의 자유라는 권리는 국가의 헌법에 의하여 또는 의회의 법을 통하여 보호되어야 한다. 이는 민주주의사회의 원활한 운영을 담보하는 것으로서 이를 보호하는 것이 의무 및 권리선언으로 되어야 한다. 정당의 금지 또는 강제해산은 말소보다도 더 심각한 침해이다. 따라서 국가가 정당을 해산 또는 금지시키는 것은 극히 엄격하고 제한적으로 적용되어야 한다.>

국제민주법률가협회는 1953년 정전협정이후 실현되지 않고 있는 코리아반도의 평화를 실현하겠다는 통합진보당의 강령 등 입장에 대한 반대가 헌법재판소의 강제해산판결의 중요한 기준으로 작용하였다는 사실을 인지하게 되었다.

국제민주법률가협회는 유엔<의사표현의자유>특별보고관에게 제출된 민변(민주사회를 위한 변호사모임)의 진정서를 지지한다.

국제민주법률가협회는 남코리아정부가 합리적으로 이 판결을 거부하고 사법적으로 재검토 할 것을 촉구한다.

국제민주법률가협회(IADL) 

1946년 파리에서 창립. 국제연합경제사회이사회(ECOSOC)와 국제연합교육과학문화기구(UNESCO)의 자문기구. 초대대표 흐네 까썽(René Cassin)은 세계인권선언 작성에 참여하고 노벨평화상을 수상한 프랑스의 대표적인 법률가.

<창립목적>

전세계의 법률가, 법률가단체들간의 교류를 촉진하고 상호 이해 도모, 국제연합(UN)헌장의 실행을 위한 공동 사업 전개, 국가간 법적 차원의 민주주의원칙의 실현과 평화유지, 입법과 실천에서 민주주의적 권리와 자유 재정립 및 수호 발전, 법률과 현실에서 모든 이들의 제한없는 독립성 증진, 인류와 인권의 수호와 증진, 생태와 환경 보호, 적법성에 대한 엄격한 일치와 사법기구와 법률가들의 독립성을 위한 투쟁, 평등한 경제체제와 과학적 발전, 천연자원의 성립과 발전을 위한 인권 수호

<조직체계>

명예대표 : 넬슨 만델라(남아프리카)

대표 : Jeanne Mirer (미국)

부대표 : Roland WEYL (프랑스), Cléa Carpi da Rocha (브라질), Gavril Iosif Chiuzbaian (루마니아), Ibrahim Essamlali (카이로)

영국, 벨기에, 필리핀, 팔레스타인에 지부를 두고 있다. 

* 수석부대표 홀렁베이(Roland WEYL) 약력

국제민주법률가협회 수석부대표

프랑스 법률단체 <권리연대> 대표

프랑스 <현대법리뷰> 전 편집장 (1954-1991)

프랑스 평화단체 <평화운동> 중앙위원

<활동연표>

Highlights of IADL Activities (1946–2002)

1946

Founded October 24 in Paris by gathering of lawyers who had survived the war against fascism and participated in the Nuremberg Trials. Rene Cassin, a drafter of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, named first IADL President.

1947 to date

IADL supports the total ban of Nuclear arms.

1947-1949

Annual IADL Congresses convene in Brussels ’47, Prague’48, and Rome’49.

1950 to date

Challenges the global proliferation of nuclear weapons and supports peaceful resolution of international disputes.

1951

IADL condemns the tyrannical and repressive regime of the Shah of Iran

1952-1996

IADL begins its support of the African National Congress, starting with the Campaign of Resistance Against Unjust Laws.

1953

Lawyers meetings convened in Rio de Janeiro (’52) and Guatemala City (53′) culminating in the organization of the American Association of Jurists (AAJ) which becomes an affiliate member of IADL. First Pan Asian IADL Conference held in Calcutta.

1955

IADL supports the African National Congress Freedom Charter

1956

Supports the nationalization of the Suez Canal by Egypt.

1960

IADL members throughout the world decry the Sharpeville massacre of unarmed demonstrators including children.

1961

IADL Congress in Budapest calls for US withdrawal from Vietnam.

1966

Calls for the freedom of Nelson Mandela and his co-defendants prosecuted for treason and sabotage in the Rivonia trial beginning his 27 years of imprisonment.

1968-1975

IADL Campaign and conferences in support of peace in Vietnam Grenoble ’68; Algiers 71; Paris’75.

1971

Supports the legality under international law of oil-producing countries rights to control their natural resources.

1974 to date

IADL supports the liberation movements and the struggles of the peoples of South Africa, Angola, Guinea Bissau, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Northern Ireland, Puerto Rico and elsewhere on the globe.

1975

10th IADL Congress in Algiers, first in Africa. Members resolve to support each nation’s right to economic, social and cultural development under international law.

1976

IADL members participate as legal observers in the prosecution of mercenaries in Luanda, Angola and draft the precursor to the UN Convention on Mercenarism.

1978

Sponsors its first conference on Women’s Rights in Cambridge, England

1979

IADL meets in Paris, opposes Camp David Accords.

1980 to date

IADL begins its long standing campaign in support of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East recognizing the Palestinean people’s rights to self-determination.

1981

International Conference on the New Economic Order, Mexico

1982

Establishes the Permanent Commission of Lawyers on Palestine and Peace in the Middle East under the coordination of the Association of Palestinean Lawyers, Jamal Sourani, President. Meeting in New Delhi on Indian Ocean Zone of Peace.

1983

Organizes International Conference of Lawyers in the Caribbean Basin Zone of Peace, in Mexico in cooperation with the Centre for Economic and Social Studies of the Third World.

1984

IADL supports Kurdish independence from Turkey. Sends legal observers to trials of advocates and journalists supporting the Liberation Movement.

1984

12th Congress meets in Athens on the theme: Establishing a New World Order.

1984

Organizes the International Lawyers Campaign to Free Nelson Mandela

1985

Symposium on the Role of Lawyers in the Nuclear Age: The 40th Anniversary of the Nuremberg Trials.

1986

Colloquium on the Militarization of Space and a Code of Behaviour for Nuclear Power States

1988

First conference of lawyers in Asia and the Pacific region on Peace Development and Human Rights, New Delhi, India.

1989

Organizes Legal Observer Missions to the first democratic elections in Namibia; files intervention on behalf of political victims of the National Islamic Front of Sudan, in protest of the abolition of a secular independent judiciary.

1991

IADL files a petition challenging the international traffic in children for organ transplants and commercial sexual traffic before the U.N. Working Group on Contemporary Forms of Slavery.

1992 to date

Organizes international condemnation of the economic boycott of Cuba as an illegal use of force in violation of the Charters of the U.N. and the OAU.

1994

International Legal Observer Delegations organized to monitor South Africa’s first non-racial election.

1995

IADL delegation attends the UN Conference on Women’s Rights in Beijing.

1996

XIVth Congress held in Capetown, South Africa. Lawyers, jurists and law professors from five continents gather to observe IADL’s 50th Anniversary under the patronage of Nelson Mandela.

1996

Fact-finding Mission to Okinawa organized by IADL affiliate JALISA finds U.S. bases to be nuclear attack bases after World War II and deployed during Korean, Vietnam and Gulf Wars in violation of legal and human rights of the people of Japan to live in peace.

1997

IADL sponsors its first legal seminar in the United States on International Labor Rights.

1998

IADL protests to UN Secretary General about U.S. threats of unilateral military force against Iraq.

1999

IADL association of with its Japanese affiliate JALISA convene a World Conference Against Nuclear Weapons, Tokyo, Japan and Issue A Hiroshima Declaration for Nuclear Free 21st Century.

2000

XV IADL Congress in Association with the XII Conference of America Association of Jurists (AAJ) meets in Havana, Cuba October 16-21 under the theme: Establishing a Just International Order.

2001

In Rome, Italy February 17-18 IADL and the Center of Research and Elaboration for Democracy (CRED) hold Preparatory Conference for the Second UN Conference Against Racism (WCAR) 31 August – 7 September Durban, South Africa., IADL sponsors Conference of Palestine and International Law, November, Paris France.

2002

IADL in association with its UK affiliate The Haldane Society, convenes an International Conference on Antiterrorist Legislation: Making the World Not Safer But Less Free, May, London, England. 

THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF DEMOCRATIC LAWYERS IS GRAVELY CONCERNED THAT THE DECISION OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COUNCIL TO BAN THE UNITED PROGRESSIVE PARTY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KOREA VIOLATES CORE PROTECTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS

The International Association of Democratic Lawyers (IADL) is a non-governmental organization with consultative status with ECOSOC and other UN Agencies. IADL has thousands of members in affiliates throughout the world, including South Korea. IADL was founded in 1946 to promote the goals of the United Nations Charter, including the protection of human rights. 

The Constitutional Council of South Korea (Council) has issued an opinion banning the United Progressive Party (UPP). This action is a matter of grave concern to IADL because it violates the core human rights principles of freedom of opinion, freedom of expression, and freedom of association, which are critical to a democratic society.

IADL has been informed that the provisions of the Venice Commission Guidelines on Political Party Regulations have not been followed in making this decision even though the Council made reference to these authoritative Guidelines. These Guidelines recognize “the rights to free association and free expression and opinion are fundamental to the proper functioning of a democratic society. Political parties, as a collective instrument for political expression, must be able to fully enjoy such rights. The right of political parties to free association should be accorded protection in a state’s constitution or by parliamentary act. This protection should include both a statement of the right as well as the obligation for its defense as a fundamental precursor to the proper functioning of democracy . . . Prohibition or dissolution of a political party is a more serious interference than deregistration . . . Thus, opportunity for a state to dissolve or prohibit a political party from forming should be exceptionally narrowly tailored and applied only in extreme cases.”

IADL has been informed that the major basis for the decision of the Constitutional Council is its opposition to positions of the UPP, including the UPP’s desire to promote peace on the Korean Peninsula, which has not been realized since the cease fire of 1953. 

IADL supports the complaint made to the Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Expression and Opinion which has been filed by our affiliate, Lawyers for A Democratic Society in South Korea. (MINBYUN)

IADL calls upon the appropriate Korean authorities to repudiate this decision and require judicial review and/or reconsideration of this decision.

L’ASSOCIATION INTERNATIONALE DES JURISTES DÉMOCRATES EST GRAVEMENT PRÉOCCUPÉE QUE LA DÉCISION DU CONSEIL CONSTITUTIONNEL POUR INTERDIRE LE PARTI PROGRESSISTE UNI DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE DE CORÉE VIOLE LES PROTECTIONS DE BASE DES DROITS DE L’HOMME

The International Association des juristes démocrates (AIJD) est une organisation non gouvernementale avec statut consultatif auprès de l’ECOSOC et autres agences de l’ONU. AJID a des milliers de membres dans des sociétés affiliées dans le monde entier, y compris la Corée du Sud. AIJD a été fondée en 1946 pour promouvoir les objectifs de la Charte des Nations Unies, y compris la protection des droits de l’homme.

Le Conseil constitutionnel de la Corée du Sud (Conseil) a émis un avis interdisant le Parti progressiste Uni (UPP). Cette action est un sujet de grave préoccupation pour l’AIJD parce qu’il viole les principes de droits de l’homme fondamentaux de la liberté d’opinion, liberté d’expression et la liberté d’association, qui sont essentiels à une société démocratique.

AIJD a été informé que les dispositions des orientations de la Commission de Venise sur les règlements de parti politique n’ont pas été suivies en prenant cette décision, même si le Conseil a fait référence à ces directives faisant autorités. Ces lignes directrices reconnaissent “le droit de libre association et de libre expression et d’opinion est fondamental pour le bon fonctionnement d’une société démocratique. Les partis politiques, comme un instrument collectif d’expression politique, doivent être en mesure de profiter pleinement de ces droits. Le droit des partis politiques, à la liberté d’association devrait bénéficier d’une protection dans la constitution de l’État ou par une loi du Parlement. Cette protection devrait inclure les deux une déclaration de droit ainsi que l’obligation pour sa défense comme un précurseur fondamentaux au bon fonctionnement de la démocratie… Interdiction ou la dissolution d’un parti politique est une atteinte plus grave que la radiation… Ainsi, possibilité pour un état de dissoudre ou d’interdire un parti politique de se former devrait être exceptionnellement étroitement adaptée et appliquée uniquement dans les cas extrêmes. “

AIJD a été informé que la base importante pour la décision du Conseil constitutionnel est son opposition à des postes de l’UPP, y compris le désir de l’UPP pour promouvoir la paix dans la péninsule coréenne, qui n’a pas été réalisé depuis le cessez-le-feu de 1953.

AIJD soutient la plainte faite au Rapporteur spécial sur la liberté d’Expression et d’Opinion qui a été déposée par notre société affiliée, Lawyers for A Democratic Society en Corée du Sud. (MINBYUN)

AIJD demande aux autorités coréennes appropriées de répudier cette décision et d’exiger le contrôle judiciaire et/ou le réexamen de cette décision.